![]() This is often detected as a nodular feeling gland on physical exam. Individuals with this disorder have one or more nodules within the gland which cause thyroid enlargement. Multinodular goiters are another common cause of goiters. Therefore, Graves’ disease produces a goiter and hyperthyroidism. In spite of this the thyroid gland continues to grow and make thyroid hormone. ![]() Since the pituitary senses too much thyroid hormone, it stops secreting TSH. However, TSI also stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone (causes hyperthyroidism). As with TSH, TSI stimulates the thyroid gland to enlarge producing a goiter. In this case, one’s immune system produces a protein, called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). ![]() This stimulation causes the thyroid to grow, which may produce a goiter.Īnother common cause of goiter is Graves’ disease. The pituitary gland senses a low thyroid hormone level and secretes more TSH to stimulate the thyroid. As the gland becomes more damaged, it is less able to make adequate supplies of thyroid hormone. This is an autoimmune condition in which there is destruction of the thyroid gland by one’s own immune system. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a more common cause of goiter formation in the US. It remains a common cause of goiters in other parts of the world. Wherever iodine deficiency is common, goiter will be common. This abnormal growth in size produces what is termed a “goiter.” Thus, iodine deficiency is one cause of goiter development. As the name implies, this hormone stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone and to grow in size. This signal is called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Consequently, the pituitary gland in the brain senses the thyroid hormone level is too low and sends a signal to the thyroid. Therefore, with iodine deficiency the individual will become hypothyroid. The gland cannot make enough thyroid hormone if it does not have enough iodine. The primary activity of the thyroid gland is to concentrate iodine from the blood to make thyroid hormone. While this was a very frequent cause of goiter in the United States many years ago, it is no longer commonly observed. One of the most common causes of goiter formation worldwide is iodine deficiency.
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